![]() Naples, Sicily,and Sardinia had for some time been under foreign domination. Partially because of this, the Papacy had relocated to Avignon, a papal enclave in France. Rome was a city largely in ruins, and the Papal States were a loosely administered region with little law and order. At the same time, present-day historians also see the era as one of economic regression and of little progress in science, which made its great leaps forward among Protestant culture in the seventeenth century.Īncient Italic peoples / Prehistoric Italyīy the late Middle Ages, central and southern Italy, once the heartland of the Roman Empire, was far poorer than the north. Peter's Basilica in Rome: see Renaissance architecture. They include works of literature by such figures as Petrarch, Castiglione, and Machiavelli: see Renaissance literature works of art by artists such as Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci: see Renaissance art and great works of architecture, such as The Duomo in Florence and St. The Italian Renaissance is best known for its cultural achievements. However, the ideas and ideals of the Renaissance spread into the rest of Europe, setting off the Northern Renaissance centered in Fontainebleau and Antwerp, and the English Renaissance. The Italian Renaissance peaked in the late 15th century as foreign invasions plunged the region into turmoil: see Italian Wars. ![]() ![]() The Renaissance later had a significant effect on Rome, which was ornamented with some structures in the new all'antico mode, then was largely rebuilt by sixteenth-century popes. It later had a significant impact in Venice, where the remains of ancient Greek culture were brought together, feeding the humanist scholars with new texts. The Italian Renaissance began in Tuscany, centered in the cities of Florence and Siena. These changes, while significant, were concentrated in the elite, and for the vast majority of the population life was little changed from the Middle Ages. The word renaissance ( Rinascimento in Italian) literally means “rebirth”, and the era is best known for the renewed interest in the culture of classical antiquity after the period that Renaissance humanists labelled the Dark Ages. Although the origins of a movement that was confined largely to the literate culture of intellectual endeavor and patronage can be traced to the earlier part of the 14th century, many aspects of Italian culture and society remained largely Medieval the Renaissance did not come into full swing until the end of the century. The term Renaissance, one should remember, is in essence a modern one that came into currency in the nineteenth century, in the work of historians such Jacob Burckhardt. This chronology notwithstanding, certain artistic, technological or literary developments associated with the Renaissance arrived in France earlier however, the Black Death of the 14th century and the Hundred Years' War kept France economically and politically weak until the late 15th century.The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 14th century to about 1600, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe. ![]() The French Renaissance traditionally extends from the French invasion of Italy in 1494 during the reign of Charles VIII until the death of Henry IV in 1610. Notable developments during the French Renaissance include the spread of humanism, early exploration of the "New World" the development of new techniques and artistic forms in the fields of printing, architecture, painting, sculpture, music, the sciences and literature and the elaboration of new codes of sociability, etiquette and discourse. The period is associated with the pan-European Renaissance, a word first used by the French historian Jules Michelet to define the artistic and cultural "rebirth" of Europe. The French Renaissance was the cultural and artistic movement in France between the 15th and early 17th centuries.
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